COMPUTER INTRODUCTION
Hello friends!!!. meet again with me on Sharing Together, this time we will discuss about the introduction of computer. Yes maybe some friends wonder, why the material back again ?. I deliberately made the material to the beginning because this is the basics of computer learning, then we have to review again.
Okay friends all of us just see the introduction of the following computer.
COMPUTER DEFINITION
The first discussion We start with the understanding of the computer first, the Computer is a tool used to process data according to procedures that have been formulated. The word computer was originally used to describe people whose work performed arithmetic calculations or that we used to know with calculations, with or without tools, but the meaning of the word was then transferred to the machine itself. Originally, information processing was almost all related to arithmetic problems, but today's computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.
The word computer in general has been used to define people performing arithmetic calculations, with or without auxiliary machines. According to the Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, the word was used in English in 1646 as the word for "one who counts" then before 1897 is also used as a "mechanical counting device". During World War II the word refers to US and British female workers whose work calculates the artillery path of war with a calculating machine.
The man who designed one of the first calculators (the analytical engine) was Charles Babbage. In addition, various simple machine tools such as slide rule can also be regarded as a computer. So the brief understanding of computers can be summarized as follows.
The word computer in general has been used to define people performing arithmetic calculations, with or without auxiliary machines. According to the Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, the word was used in English in 1646 as the word for "one who counts" then before 1897 is also used as a "mechanical counting device". During World War II the word refers to US and British female workers whose work calculates the artillery path of war with a calculating machine.
The man who designed one of the first calculators (the analytical engine) was Charles Babbage. In addition, various simple machine tools such as slide rule can also be regarded as a computer. So the brief understanding of computers can be summarized as follows.
What is a Computer?
A computeris electronic device, operates under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, which can receive data, process data according to certain rules, produce results, and store results for future use.
Data and Information
Computers process data into information. Datalis collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Information conveys meaning and is useful to people.
Processing of Cycle Information
Computers process data (input) to information (output). Computers implement the process using the instructions, which is a step that tells the computer how to do their par-specific task. A collection of related instructions is organized for the same purpose referred to as software. A computer often stores data, information, and instructions in storage for future use. Some people refer to a series of inputs, processes, outputs, and storage activities as a processing information cycle. Most computers today communicate with other computers. As a result, communication has also become an important element of
processing cycle information.
processing cycle information.
Components of a Computer
A computer contains many electrical, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware. These components include input devices, device outputs, system units, storage devices, and device com- munications.
Input Device
hardware component input device that allows you to enter data and instructions
into the computer. Five widely used input devices are keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner,
and Web cam. A computer keyboard contains your key presses to enter data to the computer. for security purposes, some keyboards include fingerprint reader, which allows you to work with puter com-only if your fingerprint is recognized. A mouse is a small handheld device. with the mouse, you control the movement of small symbols on the screen, called pointers, and you make a selection from the screen. A microphone lets you talk to a computer. A scanner converts rial-printed pairs (such as text and images) into a usable computer form. A Web cam is a digital video camera that allows you to make movies or take pictures and store them on a computer rather than on a recording or a movie
into the computer. Five widely used input devices are keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner,
and Web cam. A computer keyboard contains your key presses to enter data to the computer. for security purposes, some keyboards include fingerprint reader, which allows you to work with puter com-only if your fingerprint is recognized. A mouse is a small handheld device. with the mouse, you control the movement of small symbols on the screen, called pointers, and you make a selection from the screen. A microphone lets you talk to a computer. A scanner converts rial-printed pairs (such as text and images) into a usable computer form. A Web cam is a digital video camera that allows you to make movies or take pictures and store them on a computer rather than on a recording or a movie
Output Devices
hardware output device A component that delivers information to one or more persons. Three commonly used printer output devices, monitors, and speakers The printer produces text and images on a media-like physical paper. A monitor displays text, graphics, and video on the screen. Speakers allow you to hear music, sound, and other audio (sound).
Unit system
System Units are cases that contain electronics computer components used to process data Circuits from system units are usually part of or connected to a circuit board called
motherboard. The two main components on the motherboard are the processor and memory. The processor, also called aCPU (central processing unit), is an electronic component that interprets and executes basic instructions that operate the computer. Memoryconsists are electronic components that store instructions waiting for to be executed and data required by their instructions. Although some forms of permanent memory, most memory stores data and temporary instructions, which means the contents are erased when the computer is turned off.
motherboard. The two main components on the motherboard are the processor and memory. The processor, also called aCPU (central processing unit), is an electronic component that interprets and executes basic instructions that operate the computer. Memoryconsists are electronic components that store instructions waiting for to be executed and data required by their instructions. Although some forms of permanent memory, most memory stores data and temporary instructions, which means the contents are erased when the computer is turned off.
storage device
is a storage device, for example: hard drive, flash, cd, dvd, floppy, etc ..
Device communication
A hardware component communication device that enables computers to transmit and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more comput-ers or mobile devices. A widely used communication-cation device is a modem. Communication occurs via cable, telephone line, cellular radio network, satellite, and
other transmission medium. Some media transmissions, such as satellite and cellular radio net works, are wireless, meaning they have no physical lines or wires.
So many computer recognition from me, may be useful for all of us.
if any writing is wrong please understand, his name is also still learning.
That is all and thank you
other transmission medium. Some media transmissions, such as satellite and cellular radio net works, are wireless, meaning they have no physical lines or wires.
So many computer recognition from me, may be useful for all of us.
if any writing is wrong please understand, his name is also still learning.
That is all and thank you
Hello friends, Welcome to the blog learning bersam, with me Ramli Siburian. this time we will discuss about the history and generation of computers.
We will discuss the beginning of computer history, from the first geneation to the fifth generation. Curious how the history?
Let's see the discussion below.
We will discuss the beginning of computer history, from the first geneation to the fifth generation. Curious how the history?
Let's see the discussion below.
COMPUTER COMPLETE FIRST HISTORY TO GENERATION TO FIVE
Computers ie tools used to process data according to the command that has been formulated. The early computer word was originally used to describe people whose work performed arithmetic calculations, with or without any tools, but the meaning of this word was then transferred to the machine. Initially, almost exclusive info processing was related to arithmetic problems, but modern computers were used for many jobs unrelated to mathematics completely can even be said to have turned function into a flexible media and can be used for anything that is certainly related to the activities and daily busyness.
If described by period, the generation of computers itself is divided into 5 Periods, including:
- First Generation of Computers
- Second Generation of Computers
- Third Generation of Computers
- Fourth Generation of Computers
- Next Generation of Computers
First Generation Computers Year 1946 - 1959
With the onset of World War II, the participating nations in the war sought to improve to exploit the strategic potential that computers possessed. This kind of thing increases the funding of computer development and accelerate the development of computer technique.
- Colassus
- Mark I
- ENIAC
- EDVAC
- UNIVAC I
The characteristics of the first generation of computers are:
- The use of vacuum tubes (which make computers at the time has a size so large)
- There is a magnetic cylinder for data storage. - Operation instructions are made in a specific way for one specific job.
- Each computer has a program kodebiner not the same as the "machine language" (machine language). This kind of thing makes the computer difficult to program and limit its speed.
Second Generation Computers Year 1959 - 1964
Beginning in 1948, the first discovery of the transistor so influenced the change in computer technology. The 2nd generation for computers at that time was already using the transistor components for the central Processing unit as well as the magnetic core for memory. The resistance of the transistor is found to be better because it is not easy to burn when compared to the vacuum tiub. Channel data appear in this generation, in line with a special feature to increase CPU speed.
The new step put memories also introduced the magnetic terrace. Magnetic terrace uses fine iron that is wrapped by electrically charged. The capability of processing and the main memory of computer also increases. This of course makes a computer more feasible to move its task. Early computers were initially used for online commercial systems involving communications as well as for time-sharing systems, in which the user was given an attractive counting power through the terminal.
- Aiming at effort as well as technique.
- Slightly heat out.
- Programs can be created with high level language (high level language), such as FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL.
- The operating system has or has been able to operate quickly, which can do millions of operations per second.
- Requires less power.
- The main memory capability has been considerable with the development of magnetic core storage
- Use external storage magnetic tape and magnetic disk in the form of removable disk
- It has real time system power as well as time share Started used disk storage (data storage)
Third Generation Computers Year 1964 - 1970
Although transistors in some cases outperformed the vacuum tube, but the transistors produced considerable heat, which could potentially cause damage to the internal parts of the computer. Quartz rock removes this problem. Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instrument, boosted the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in th. 1958. IC combines three electronic components in a small silicon disc made of quartz sand. Then scientists successfully incorporate more components into a single chip that is meant semiconductor. Finally, the computer becomes smaller because the components can be compacted in the chip. The development of other third-generation computers is the use of the operating system (operating system) is very likely the machine to drive a variety of programs that are not the same as in unison with one main program that monitors and coordinates computer memory.
Signs of computers in third generation:
- Use of IC (Integrated Circuit)
- The size of the computer becomes smaller
- The discovery of the Operating System
Fourth Generation of Computer 1979 - Too Much Used
After IC, the purpose of development becomes brighter, between the purpose and the result of the developer are:
- Minimize the size of circuits and electrical components.
- Large Scale Integration (LSI) can contain several hundred components in a single chip.
In th. 1980s, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) contains several thousand components in a single chip. UltraLarge Scale Integration (ULSI) increases that number to millions. The power to place so many components in one chip that measures 1/2 of a meteorite boost drives down the price and size of the computer. It also enhances the workability, efficiency and reliability of the computer. Intel 4004 chip created on th. 1971 brings developments in ICs by placing all components of a single computer (central processing unit, memory, and input / output control) in a single chip so small.
In the mid-1970s, computer manufacturers offered their computer products to the common people. This computer, which is meant by minicomputers, is sold with software packages that are easy to use for beginners. The most popular software at the time was word processing and spreadsheets. In the early 1980s, video games such as the Atari 2600 attracted customers' attention to more up-to-date, programmable home computers. In th. 1981, IBM introduced the use of Personal Computer (PC) for home use, office, and school. The number of PCs used jumped from 2 million units in th. 1981 so 5, 5 million units in th. 1982. Ten years. then, 65 million PCs are used. The computer continues its evolution to a smaller size, from a computer on a desktop computer to a laptop, or even a palmtop.
IBM PCs compete with Apple Macintosh in the computer market. Apple Macintosh became popular because popularizing the graphics system on his computer, while his rival is still using a computer that is based on text. Macintosh also popularized the use of mouse devices. At the moment, we know that IBM's journey is compatible with CPU usage: IBM PC / 486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV (Serial of CPU made by Intel). Also we know AMD k6, Athlon, etc. These all belong to the fourth generation of computer groups. Along with the proliferation of computer use in the workplace, the way new steps to dig may always be expanded. Along with the added strength of a small computer, the computer can be linked together in a network to share memory, software, info, and to communicate with each other. Computer networks are very likely a single computer to create electronic work relationships to complete a work system. By using cabling immediately (also referred to local area network, LAN), or telephone cable, this network can grow so big.
Computer signs in the fourth generation:
- Used LSI, VLSI, ULSI
- Used microprocessor
The Fifth Generation of Computers Now and For The Future
Right now we are all there in the Fifth Generation of computer changes. Many human beings have the shape of this FIFTH Generation computer. Nevertheless, the Fifth Generation Change is still so young, so there is plenty of opportunity for every human being to develop it.
Perhaps the realization of this computer is still far from the fact, though so many of the functions possessed has been realized. Some computers can receive instructions in oral way and can follow human reason. The power to translate foreigners is also possible. The tool looks simple. However, the tools become more complicated than one would expect when the programmer understands that human understanding is so dependent on the context and the meaning of the wording in a straightforward way.
Perhaps the realization of this computer is still far from the fact, though so many of the functions possessed has been realized. Some computers can receive instructions in oral way and can follow human reason. The power to translate foreigners is also possible. The tool looks simple. However, the tools become more complicated than one would expect when the programmer understands that human understanding is so dependent on the context and the meaning of the wording in a straightforward way.
Fifth Generation Computer Characteristics
- Still using LSI technology, which definitely has a lot of development
The technology of chips used on the fifth generation computer is actually the same as the fourth generation computer, which uses LSI, or Large Scale Integration, where the compaction of some fruit chip into a clever microchip. Inequality is only from the side of strength that is much better than the fourth generation computer.
- More features
- Improved information processing
Of course with the technology chip that much added better, and faster, this kind of thing will result in processing info so much faster and more stable. This subject also makes the fifth generation of computers to be one of the tools that so help human life.
