Hello friends, Welcome to the blog learning bersam, with me Ramli Siburian. this time we will discuss about the history and generation of computers.
We will discuss the beginning of computer history, from the first geneation to the fifth generation. Curious how the history?
Let's see the discussion below.

COMPUTER COMPLETE FIRST HISTORY TO GENERATION TO FIVE

    Computers ie tools used to process data according to the command that has been formulated. The early computer word was originally used to describe people whose work performed arithmetic calculations, with or without any tools, but the meaning of this word was then transferred to the machine. Initially, almost exclusive info processing was related to arithmetic problems, but modern computers were used for many jobs unrelated to mathematics completely can even be said to have turned function into a flexible media and can be used for anything that is certainly related to the activities and daily busyness.

If described by period, the generation of computers itself is divided into 5 Periods, including:

1. First Generation of Computers
2. Second Generation of Computers
3. Third Generation of Computers
4. Fourth Generation of Computers
5. Next Generation of Computers

First Generation Computers Year 1946 - 1959

With the onset of World War II, the participating nations in the war sought to improve to exploit the strategic potential that computers possessed. This kind of thing increases the funding of computer development and accelerate the development of computer technique.

1. Colassus
2. Mark I 
3. ENIAC 
4. EDVAC 
5. UNIVAC I

The characteristics of the first generation of computers are:

• The use of vacuum tubes (which make computers at the time has a size so large)
• There is a magnetic cylinder for data storage. - Operation instructions are made in a specific way for one specific job.
• Each computer has a program kodebiner not the same as the "machine language" (machine language). This kind of thing makes the computer difficult to program and limit its speed.

Second Generation Computers Year 1959 - 1964

Beginning in 1948, the first discovery of the transistor so influenced the change in computer technology. The 2nd generation for computers at that time was already using the transistor components for the central Processing unit as well as the magnetic core for memory. The resistance of the transistor is found to be better because it is not easy to burn when compared to the vacuum tiub. Channel data appear in this generation, in line with a special feature to increase CPU speed.

The new step put memories also introduced the magnetic terrace. Magnetic terrace uses fine iron that is wrapped by electrically charged. The capability of processing and the main memory of computer also increases. This of course makes a computer more feasible to move its task. Early computers were initially used for online commercial systems involving communications as well as for time-sharing systems, in which the user was given an attractive counting power through the terminal.

The transistors also referred to solid state devices developed at Bell Laboratories by John Barden, William Shockley, & Walter Brattain on th. 1947. Since the discovery of transistors, so people start to exchange the vacuum tube function with transistors. And this 2nd generation computer is also a computer that fully use transistor. When the appeal with a vacuum tube so transistor equipment is added smaller, until the computer that uses this tool plus a smaller physical size. In addition to the smaller size, other signs of this type of 2nd generation computers are, as follows:

• Aiming at effort as well as technique.
• Slightly heat out.
• Programs can be created with high level language (high level language), such as FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL.
• The operating system has or has been able to operate quickly, which can do millions of operations per second.
• Requires less power.
• The main memory capability has been considerable with the development of magnetic core storage
• Use external storage magnetic tape and magnetic disk in the form of removable disk
• It has real time system power as well as time share Started used disk storage (data storage)

Third Generation Computers Year 1964 - 1970

Although transistors in some cases outperformed the vacuum tube, but the transistors produced considerable heat, which could potentially cause damage to the internal parts of the computer. Quartz rock removes this problem. Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instrument, boosted the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in th. 1958. IC combines three electronic components in a small silicon disc made of quartz sand. Then scientists successfully incorporate more components into a single chip that is meant semiconductor. Finally, the computer becomes smaller because the components can be compacted in the chip. The development of other third-generation computers is the use of the operating system (operating system) is very likely the machine to drive a variety of programs that are not the same as in unison with one main program that monitors and coordinates computer memory.

Signs of computers in third generation:

• Use of IC (Integrated Circuit)
• The size of the computer becomes smaller
• The discovery of the Operating System

Fourth Generation of Computer 1979 - Too Much Used

After IC, the purpose of development becomes brighter, between the purpose and the result of the developer are:

• Minimize the size of circuits and electrical components.
• Large Scale Integration (LSI) can contain several hundred components in a single chip.

In th. 1980s, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) contains several thousand components in a single chip. UltraLarge Scale Integration (ULSI) increases that number to millions. The power to place so many components in one chip that measures 1/2 of a meteorite boost drives down the price and size of the computer. It also enhances the workability, efficiency and reliability of the computer. Intel 4004 chip created on th. 1971 brings developments in ICs by placing all components of a single computer (central processing unit, memory, and input / output control) in a single chip so small.

You need to know, the IC is made to implement a specific specific work. Currently, one microprocessor can be in production and then programmed to meet all the desired needs. After a while, every home appliance like microwave oven, tv, and car with electronic fuel injection equipped with microprocessor. Changes are so highly possible for common people to use public computer. Computer will not be the dominance of large companies or government agencies.

In the mid-1970s, computer manufacturers offered their computer products to the common people. This computer, which is meant by minicomputers, is sold with software packages that are easy to use for beginners. The most popular software at the time was word processing and spreadsheets. In the early 1980s, video games such as the Atari 2600 attracted customers' attention to more up-to-date, programmable home computers. In th. 1981, IBM introduced the use of Personal Computer (PC) for home use, office, and school. The number of PCs used jumped from 2 million units in th. 1981 so 5, 5 million units in th. 1982. Ten years. then, 65 million PCs are used. The computer continues its evolution to a smaller size, from a computer on a desktop computer to a laptop, or even a palmtop.

IBM PCs compete with Apple Macintosh in the computer market. Apple Macintosh became popular because popularizing the graphics system on his computer, while his rival is still using a computer that is based on text. Macintosh also popularized the use of mouse devices. At the moment, we know that IBM's journey is compatible with CPU usage: IBM PC / 486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV (Serial of CPU made by Intel). Also we know AMD k6, Athlon, etc. These all belong to the fourth generation of computer groups. Along with the proliferation of computer use in the workplace, the way new steps to dig may always be expanded. Along with the added strength of a small computer, the computer can be linked together in a network to share memory, software, info, and to communicate with each other. Computer networks are very likely a single computer to create electronic work relationships to complete a work system. By using cabling immediately (also referred to local area network, LAN), or telephone cable, this network can grow so big.

Computer signs in the fourth generation:

• Used LSI, VLSI, ULSI
• Used microprocessor

The Fifth Generation of Computers Now and For The Future

Right now we are all there in the Fifth Generation of computer changes. Many human beings have the shape of this FIFTH Generation computer. Nevertheless, the Fifth Generation Change is still so young, so there is plenty of opportunity for every human being to develop it.

Perhaps the realization of this computer is still far from the fact, though so many of the functions possessed has been realized. Some computers can receive instructions in oral way and can follow human reason. The power to translate foreigners is also possible. The tool looks simple. However, the tools become more complicated than one would expect when the programmer understands that human understanding is so dependent on the context and the meaning of the wording in a straightforward way.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE or artificial intelligence is a branch in the computer science section that discusses how to complete a computer with power or intelligence like humans. For example, how can a computer learn from its own experience and data that has been collected, how the computer can communicate and menguap words for the word. With this power, it is desirable for the computer to decide on its own for the various problems it encounters. This AI industry is growing since th. 1980s. The evolution of road AI in two different paths. First, to create a computer system that follows the system of thinking about humans to complete common problems. Eg game chess program. Secondly, it combines the best thinking of some experts on a piece of software designed to solve a specific problem. Generally referred to also expert system, or expert system. For example, how does a doctor determine a person's illness, answer questions, control body conditions such as eyes, blood pressure, body temperature etc.

Fifth Generation Computer Characteristics

• Still using LSI technology, which definitely has a lot of development

The technology of chips used on the fifth generation computer is actually the same as the fourth generation computer, which uses LSI, or Large Scale Integration, where the compaction of some fruit chip into a clever microchip. Inequality is only from the side of strength that is much better than the fourth generation computer.

• More features

Featured on offer on the fifth generation of computers, is certainly much more when compared with fourth generation computers. The computer features we enjoy today are one of the fifth generation computer signs.

• Improved information processing

Of course with the technology chip that much added better, and faster, this kind of thing will result in processing info so much faster and more stable. This subject also makes the fifth generation of computers to be one of the tools that so help human life.

Computer History

Hello friends, Welcome to the blog learning bersam, with me Ramli Siburian. this time we will discuss about the history and generation of computers.
We will discuss the beginning of computer history, from the first geneation to the fifth generation. Curious how the history?
Let's see the discussion below.

COMPUTER COMPLETE FIRST HISTORY TO GENERATION TO FIVE

    Computers ie tools used to process data according to the command that has been formulated. The early computer word was originally used to describe people whose work performed arithmetic calculations, with or without any tools, but the meaning of this word was then transferred to the machine. Initially, almost exclusive info processing was related to arithmetic problems, but modern computers were used for many jobs unrelated to mathematics completely can even be said to have turned function into a flexible media and can be used for anything that is certainly related to the activities and daily busyness.

If described by period, the generation of computers itself is divided into 5 Periods, including:

1. First Generation of Computers
2. Second Generation of Computers
3. Third Generation of Computers
4. Fourth Generation of Computers
5. Next Generation of Computers

First Generation Computers Year 1946 - 1959

With the onset of World War II, the participating nations in the war sought to improve to exploit the strategic potential that computers possessed. This kind of thing increases the funding of computer development and accelerate the development of computer technique.

1. Colassus
2. Mark I 
3. ENIAC 
4. EDVAC 
5. UNIVAC I

The characteristics of the first generation of computers are:

• The use of vacuum tubes (which make computers at the time has a size so large)
• There is a magnetic cylinder for data storage. - Operation instructions are made in a specific way for one specific job.
• Each computer has a program kodebiner not the same as the "machine language" (machine language). This kind of thing makes the computer difficult to program and limit its speed.

Second Generation Computers Year 1959 - 1964

Beginning in 1948, the first discovery of the transistor so influenced the change in computer technology. The 2nd generation for computers at that time was already using the transistor components for the central Processing unit as well as the magnetic core for memory. The resistance of the transistor is found to be better because it is not easy to burn when compared to the vacuum tiub. Channel data appear in this generation, in line with a special feature to increase CPU speed.

The new step put memories also introduced the magnetic terrace. Magnetic terrace uses fine iron that is wrapped by electrically charged. The capability of processing and the main memory of computer also increases. This of course makes a computer more feasible to move its task. Early computers were initially used for online commercial systems involving communications as well as for time-sharing systems, in which the user was given an attractive counting power through the terminal.

The transistors also referred to solid state devices developed at Bell Laboratories by John Barden, William Shockley, & Walter Brattain on th. 1947. Since the discovery of transistors, so people start to exchange the vacuum tube function with transistors. And this 2nd generation computer is also a computer that fully use transistor. When the appeal with a vacuum tube so transistor equipment is added smaller, until the computer that uses this tool plus a smaller physical size. In addition to the smaller size, other signs of this type of 2nd generation computers are, as follows:

• Aiming at effort as well as technique.
• Slightly heat out.
• Programs can be created with high level language (high level language), such as FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL.
• The operating system has or has been able to operate quickly, which can do millions of operations per second.
• Requires less power.
• The main memory capability has been considerable with the development of magnetic core storage
• Use external storage magnetic tape and magnetic disk in the form of removable disk
• It has real time system power as well as time share Started used disk storage (data storage)

Third Generation Computers Year 1964 - 1970

Although transistors in some cases outperformed the vacuum tube, but the transistors produced considerable heat, which could potentially cause damage to the internal parts of the computer. Quartz rock removes this problem. Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instrument, boosted the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in th. 1958. IC combines three electronic components in a small silicon disc made of quartz sand. Then scientists successfully incorporate more components into a single chip that is meant semiconductor. Finally, the computer becomes smaller because the components can be compacted in the chip. The development of other third-generation computers is the use of the operating system (operating system) is very likely the machine to drive a variety of programs that are not the same as in unison with one main program that monitors and coordinates computer memory.

Signs of computers in third generation:

• Use of IC (Integrated Circuit)
• The size of the computer becomes smaller
• The discovery of the Operating System

Fourth Generation of Computer 1979 - Too Much Used

After IC, the purpose of development becomes brighter, between the purpose and the result of the developer are:

• Minimize the size of circuits and electrical components.
• Large Scale Integration (LSI) can contain several hundred components in a single chip.

In th. 1980s, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) contains several thousand components in a single chip. UltraLarge Scale Integration (ULSI) increases that number to millions. The power to place so many components in one chip that measures 1/2 of a meteorite boost drives down the price and size of the computer. It also enhances the workability, efficiency and reliability of the computer. Intel 4004 chip created on th. 1971 brings developments in ICs by placing all components of a single computer (central processing unit, memory, and input / output control) in a single chip so small.

You need to know, the IC is made to implement a specific specific work. Currently, one microprocessor can be in production and then programmed to meet all the desired needs. After a while, every home appliance like microwave oven, tv, and car with electronic fuel injection equipped with microprocessor. Changes are so highly possible for common people to use public computer. Computer will not be the dominance of large companies or government agencies.

In the mid-1970s, computer manufacturers offered their computer products to the common people. This computer, which is meant by minicomputers, is sold with software packages that are easy to use for beginners. The most popular software at the time was word processing and spreadsheets. In the early 1980s, video games such as the Atari 2600 attracted customers' attention to more up-to-date, programmable home computers. In th. 1981, IBM introduced the use of Personal Computer (PC) for home use, office, and school. The number of PCs used jumped from 2 million units in th. 1981 so 5, 5 million units in th. 1982. Ten years. then, 65 million PCs are used. The computer continues its evolution to a smaller size, from a computer on a desktop computer to a laptop, or even a palmtop.

IBM PCs compete with Apple Macintosh in the computer market. Apple Macintosh became popular because popularizing the graphics system on his computer, while his rival is still using a computer that is based on text. Macintosh also popularized the use of mouse devices. At the moment, we know that IBM's journey is compatible with CPU usage: IBM PC / 486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV (Serial of CPU made by Intel). Also we know AMD k6, Athlon, etc. These all belong to the fourth generation of computer groups. Along with the proliferation of computer use in the workplace, the way new steps to dig may always be expanded. Along with the added strength of a small computer, the computer can be linked together in a network to share memory, software, info, and to communicate with each other. Computer networks are very likely a single computer to create electronic work relationships to complete a work system. By using cabling immediately (also referred to local area network, LAN), or telephone cable, this network can grow so big.

Computer signs in the fourth generation:

• Used LSI, VLSI, ULSI
• Used microprocessor

The Fifth Generation of Computers Now and For The Future

Right now we are all there in the Fifth Generation of computer changes. Many human beings have the shape of this FIFTH Generation computer. Nevertheless, the Fifth Generation Change is still so young, so there is plenty of opportunity for every human being to develop it.

Perhaps the realization of this computer is still far from the fact, though so many of the functions possessed has been realized. Some computers can receive instructions in oral way and can follow human reason. The power to translate foreigners is also possible. The tool looks simple. However, the tools become more complicated than one would expect when the programmer understands that human understanding is so dependent on the context and the meaning of the wording in a straightforward way.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE or artificial intelligence is a branch in the computer science section that discusses how to complete a computer with power or intelligence like humans. For example, how can a computer learn from its own experience and data that has been collected, how the computer can communicate and menguap words for the word. With this power, it is desirable for the computer to decide on its own for the various problems it encounters. This AI industry is growing since th. 1980s. The evolution of road AI in two different paths. First, to create a computer system that follows the system of thinking about humans to complete common problems. Eg game chess program. Secondly, it combines the best thinking of some experts on a piece of software designed to solve a specific problem. Generally referred to also expert system, or expert system. For example, how does a doctor determine a person's illness, answer questions, control body conditions such as eyes, blood pressure, body temperature etc.

Fifth Generation Computer Characteristics

• Still using LSI technology, which definitely has a lot of development

The technology of chips used on the fifth generation computer is actually the same as the fourth generation computer, which uses LSI, or Large Scale Integration, where the compaction of some fruit chip into a clever microchip. Inequality is only from the side of strength that is much better than the fourth generation computer.

• More features

Featured on offer on the fifth generation of computers, is certainly much more when compared with fourth generation computers. The computer features we enjoy today are one of the fifth generation computer signs.

• Improved information processing

Of course with the technology chip that much added better, and faster, this kind of thing will result in processing info so much faster and more stable. This subject also makes the fifth generation of computers to be one of the tools that so help human life.