Disk Operating Sistem (DOS)

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DOS Operating System (Disk Operating System)

DOS Operating System functions to perform basic computer operations such as file management, and directory, diskette and hard disk processing, configuring computer, optimizing memory usage and speed up programming.

a. Boot Process

This process is called how to turn on the computer (Booting). There are two ways to start the computer: Cold Boot and Hot Boot.

- Booting Cool (Cool boot): the computer is off

- Booting Heat (Warm booting): the computer is on (Ctrl + Alt + Del) at the same time.

b. Disk Operating System Commands

- Internal Commands: commands that are in the computer (directly executed computer)

- DIR command to view the contents of diskette / hard disk Example: DIR_A: [enter]

- COPY command to copy diskette / hard disk contents Example: COPY_C: *. * _ A: [enter]

- DELETE command to delete diskette / hard disk contents. Example: DEL_C: Train [enter]

- RENAME command to rename the file. Example: REN_C: saya_AKU [enter]

- MD_ {name} command to create sub directory. Example: MD_LATIH [enter]

Windows Operating System

Windows operating system is an operating system that uses the concept of GUI (Graphical User Interface), also uses WIWP (windows Icaon Menu Pointing Device) which is marked The emergence of the MENU START

To work with windows operation must use Mouse, Hard Disk, etc.

a. Group Windows

A thorough description of the windows group is on the computer's desktop (first view (Start menu)

b. Keyboard Introduction (as Input Unit)

The location of the letters

Q W E R T Y U I O P {}

A S D F G H J K L: "

Z X C V B N M,. /

Frequently used keys:

- Caps Lock: to write capital letters

- Shift: to write capital letters and symbols

above

- Space: to provide typing distance

- Enter: to execute / terminate

command

- Back Space: to delete the left cursor

- Delete: to delete the exact cursor

- Arrow: to move the cursor

c. Introduction of MOUSE (as an Input Unit)

To work with Under Windows system must understand the mouse. The Mouse Section is:

- CLICK: select / point (Left Click) 1x

- Right Click: brings up the Help menu (Shortcut)

- Double click: run the application (programs)

- Block: designate some (Left click press

keep sliding and then loose) or CTRL A

d. Windows Explorer (Running Program)

To run a program application by CLICK START then Select PROGRAMS

e. Parts of Microsoft Windows

- PROGRAMS: to display the list of programs

- DUCUMNT: to display the data list

- SETTING: to change the windows configuration

- RUN: to run certain applications

- HELP: for help menu (help)

- SHUT DOWN: to end / exit from windows

f. Introduction to Computer Properties

Computer Properties is used to change the appearance of the screen image, add a running image (Screen Saver), change the color, and others.

How to run Computer Properties is:

- Put Mouse in the middle of the screen (empty place)

- Then Right Click

- Select and click Properties

Command Properties:

- Change the screen image (Background / Wallpaper)

- Displaying drawings / running (Screen Saver)

- Changing the screen color (Appearance)

- Changing screen settings (Settings)

Note: To find another picture select / click BROWSE

g. Part of Windows Explore

This application program is used to process disks and files and run other programs or applications.

How to run Windows Explorer program is:

- Click Start, Select Programs, Click Windows Explorer

Notes: - Left box (Container) or yellow image

- Right box (Contents) or another Image.

- If select / click Left box should be forwarded ENTER

- If you want to run the program must be forwarded

Enter, by selecting the image file Box

double White.

The Windows Explorer commands are:

a. Creating a Sub Directory (Room) / Folder

- Place the pointer (Click created area)

- Click File then Select New, then Click Folder

- Type a folder name (name must not be the same)

b. Rename the folder

- Place the pointer (Click the folder that was changed)

- Click File then Click Rename

- Type the name of another folder (replacement)

c. Delete a folder

- Place the pointer (click the folder to be deleted)

- Click File, then Click Delete, then answer Yes

d. Copying files

- Place (locate the file you copied) (click Folder)

- Click Edit, then Click Copy

- Place a destination (Click another folder)

- Then Click Edit, then Click Paste

e. Tongue the file

- Define (locate the file moved) (click the folder)

- Click Edit, then click Cut

- Place a destination (click another folder)

- Then click Edit, then click Paste

f. Rename the file

- Specify (find file to replace) (click folder)

- Click File, then click Rename

- Type in a different name

g. Deleting File

- Specify (search for deleted files) (click the folder)

- Click File, then click Delete, then answer Yes

Note: If you encounter a Click or error

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Aspects of safety and health in using information and communication technology tools

Not without the risk of working with information and communication technology devices such as computers. Bad habits of wrong physical attitudes can harm health and threaten work safety. It is not uncommon for a computer user to experience muscular pain (Rrepititive Stain Injury = RSI) and other disorders as they neglect it. Hand or shiver, aching on the fingers, around the wrist, forearm, elbow or shoulder, neck up to the upper back, this is the initial sign of RSI

According to the rsi-uk.org.uk website, RSI is a terminology that refers to some variation of musculoskeletal muscle complaints. This concerns a complaint known as muscle aches.

This keluhn is also known as Cumulative Trauma Disorders, which includes work-related Upper Limb Disorders and occupational overuse injuries. This complaint is mainly suffered by workers in static sitting positions when using a computer or using repetitive hand movements every day, static workloads (like holding a mouse), allowing the arm to bend, and the like for a long time. It will get worse if the workplace is not designed organomically, such as the position of the keyboard and the monitor screen is too high or too low, the chair does not support the body to sit upright and preferably.

This will get worse when added work environment is less moving, less rest, containing high stress with deadlines and routine reports and others. If if User is a smoker, suffer from obesity, muscle weakness, have cold hands.

1. Installation safety and ICT device parts that may endanger health.

Installation of ICT devices for computer users needs to be checked for the security and safety of computer users. The condition of the installation of computer cables between parts or associated with electricity must be in good condition. Electrical installation with low cable quality will cause the installation is not long and flammable. Check the end of the socket condition is still feasible to use.

2. Occupational Safety and Health Regulations in using ICT tools.

a. Make sure the computer workstation is ergonomically designed.

b. Reduce excessive computer usage.

c. Use input device variations.

d. Take some rest time for a moment.

e. Do not type more than 30 minutes without rest.

f. Often do stretching. Stretching helps reduce muscle tension.

g. Reduce the speed of double-clicking

h. Keep the temperature warm. Muscles and tendons in cold conditions are more at risk for RSI.

3. Ergonomic sitting position in using ICT devices

In using ICT devices should a computer user pay attention to ergonomic seating position. Seated position with a distance of 46 - 47 cm or 0.15 degrees from the monitor screen

4. Six relactions (stretching exercises)

a. Blow the fingers and hold for 10 seconds then bend your finger to the knuckle, but do not clench your hands and then release.

b. Stretch your elbows on your head, bottom guard dangling backward.

c. Grasp hands behind your head and sit up straight.

d. Sit up straight in your chair, hold your hands behind the back of the chair, then stretch it off as best you can.

e. Bend your head toward the ear and slowly pull.

f. Move shoulders forward, back, down and up and around.

COPYRIGHT

PROTECTION OF COPYRIGHT

Protection of computer programs through UUHC is now not separated from the development of copyright, especially for computer programs in various forms of arrangement.

Computer programs are classified as work-based literacy (Literacy Works). This is because the process of writing code - the code of command (coding) of the programmer / creator that requires sufficient mastery of knowledge in techniques and programming languages ​​also patience in the writing of the code - the code, resulting source code (source code) of computer programs in the form tesk that can be understood by others.

Indonesia takes part in another international treaty relating to Copyright as the Generaal Agreement On Tariff and Traade (GATT) as a multilateral trading agreement.

The American state of computer program protection was granted in a copyright act of 1976 that added copyright protection to computer programs. In its development in 1983 there have been several court decisions that extended the extent of copyright protection for computer programs.

In 1987 Indonesia made improvements to UUHC no. 7 of 1987 on the amendment to Law no. 6 of 1982 on Copyright. In UUHC 1987 this is a computer program arranged as a creation that is protected by Copyright. The computer program referred to in UUHC 1987 article 1 verse 7 "is a specially created program that allows the computer to perform certain functions".

The 1997 UUHC in 1987 was perfected with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 12 of 1997. In UUHC 1997 the protection period for the computer program from 25 years plus to 50 years since it was first announced.

UUHC 1997 is still being revised in UUHC no.12 of 1997 with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2002, in Article 1 paragraph 8 mentions the program including preparation in designing these instructions.

Indonesia organizes computer programs as works protected by UUHC.As a consequence, the people of Indonesia are obliged to respect the rights of computer program creators by obeying UUHC content. The public is not allowed to reproduce the program without the rights holder's permission, does not alter the contents of the computer program and any other actions with the objective of obtaining the commercial advantage of the computer program.

The following are criminal provisions in the case of copyright infringement which is set and determined based on Law no. 19 of 2002.

Article 72 paragraph:

i. Any person intentionally and without right to do the deeds as referred to in Article 2 paragraph (1) or Article 49 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) shall be sentenced to imprisonment of at least 1 (one) month and / or a minimum fine Rp. 1.000.000,00 (one million rupiah), or a maximum imprisonment of 7 (seven) years and / or a maximum fine of Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (five mililar rupiah).

ii. Any person who intentionally broadcasts, exhibits, distributes or sells to the public a work or articles of infringement of copyright or related rights referred to in paragraph (1) shall be liable to a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and / or a maximum fine of Rp . 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah)

iii. Anyone who intentionally and without right to multiply the use for commercial purposes of a computer program shall be subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years and / or a maximum of Rp.500.000.000,00 (five hundred million rupiah).

MICROSOFT WORD MODULE

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